Surprises and Disbeliefs

 Surprises and Disbeliefs is expression that used to expressomething that we can’t believe or impossible.
Kind of Surprises and Disbeliefs expression are :
What a surprises?
That’s very surpising!
Really?
Oh, no…………..
Are you serious?
What?
That’s unbelieveble!
Fancy that!
You’re kidding!
I find that hard to believe.


Surprising amazement of something :

o Fantastic!

o How marvelous/beautiful!

o It’s very interesting!


o It’s great!

o It’s terrific!

o Wow, that’s amazing!

o Wonderful!

o What a nice……

o What a lovely flower!

o Hey, that’s really terrific!

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Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulation

Gratitude is expression that used to said thank you to other people.

Kind of gratitude expression are :

v Thank you very much.

v Thanks.

v I’m grateful to…….

v I want to thank.

v I want to express my gratitude to……..

v I keep forgetting to thank you for…….


Respon of expressing :

v You are welcome.

v Don’t mention it.

v Not at all

v It was nothing at all.

v No problem

v Glad to be of help.

v (it was) my pleasure.

v I’m glad I could help.

v I’m glad I could do it.

v I’m glad I could be of help.



Compliment is expression that used to give praising to other people. Some people use compliment to better up someday or to flatter in order to increase good will.


Expressing :
What a nice dress.
You look great.
You look very nice.
I really must express my admiration for you………
Good grades.
Excellent.
Nice work.


Time to express compliment :
On his/her general appearance.
If you notice something new about the person’s appearance.
When you visit someone’s hous for the first time.
When other people do their best.


Congratulation is expression that used to said congratulate to someone when get a success.

Expressing :
Let me congratulate you.
Congratulations on you successful business.
My congratulations on your success.
Congratulations on your promotion.
Good!
Tha’s great!
Isn’t that wonderful!
How fortunate.
Splendid!
Pretty good!


Responding :

· Thank you.

· Thanks, I needed that.

· That’s very kind of you.

· It’s very kind of you to say that.

· Do you really think so?

· You’ve made my day!

· The same to you.

· I’m glad you like it.

· Thank you. It’s nice of you to say so.

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Present Perfect

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:
I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

FORM
[has/have + past participle]

Examples:
You have seen that movie many times.
Have you seen that movie many times?
You have not seen that movie many times.

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Greetings

Greetings is the expression which used to address someone or other people

A.How do you greet other people ?

1 Good morning/ afternoon/evening/night/nite
2 Hello, dhina
_ hello,afgan
3 How are you ?
4 How’s life?
5 How are you getting along
6 Hi,Nurul
_ hi,dhina
7 How’s everting with you?

B. How do you introduce yourself?
1 Let me introduce my self , my name is dhina
2 Hello,I’m Kim Hyun Joong
3 Hi,I’m Afgan Syahreza.You can call me Afgan


C. How do you introduce other people ?
_ I would like to introduce Utari Dina Sari
_ I would like you to meet Debby
_ Excuse me, Let me introduce you a new friend.His name is Alexa

D. How do you close or end your conversation ?
_ Well, I should be going now. See you!
_ Well. I must be off now.I’ll talk to you !

For the example

Dhina : Morning, Mrs deby
Mrs. Deby : Morning ,dhina .How are you ?
Dhina : I’m fine. And Mrs ?
Mrs Deby : Fine too. Well, I must teach again in classroom .See
you dhina
Dhina : okay .mrs. See you too . Bye-Bye

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Past Tense

Past tense is to tell the events or incidents at the past time.

Past tense is used :
When the speaker thinks of an activity or state as occurred and complete at a specific time in the past
For a non-fact in the present or future time.This is traditionally called the” subjunctive mood “.

Example : If I had the money now,I’d buy a car.
To refer a single event on the past

Example : I called Mary last night.
The past habitual action.

Example : We went to school together,and we shared many experinces.

The Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.

Adverbs used: yesterday,last night ,last week,two days ago,a few minutes ago,last weekend ,last month ,last years,in 1984,etc
Simple past for regular verbs is added by- ed to the root of a word.

Example : She worked at the office yesterday.
A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form.

Example : She did not work at the office yesterday.

Question sentence are started with did as in Did she work at the office yesterday ?

Verbal

There are two pattern of Simple Past Tense :

1.( + ) Subject + verb II + complement

( - ) Subject + did not + verb I + complement

( ? ) Did + subject + verb I ?

Nominal

2. ( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Object

( – ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Not + Object

( ? ) To be ( was/ were ) + Subject + Object ?

Past Continuonus Tense

Past Continuonus Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain in the past.

As with the present tense,the continuous aspect that the activity is in progress ,or that it is uncompleted ,at the specified time.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + verb – ing + complement

( - ) Subject + was not / were not + verb- ing + complement

( ? ) Was/were + subject + verb-ing + complement ?


Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + had + verb III + complement

( – ) Subject + had not + verb III + complement

( ? ) Had + subject + verb III + complement ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is like the past perfect tense ,but it expresses longer actions in the past.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + Had + been + verb –ing + complement

( - ) Subject + Had + not + been + verb-ing + complement

( ? ) Had + subject + been + verb –ing + complement ?

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Procedure Text

The Definition of Procedure Text

Procedure Text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps.It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps.This text uses simple present tense,often imperative sentence.It also uses the temporal conjunction such as : first,second,then,next,finally,etc

The generic structures of procedure text are:
Goal / aim ( or title)
Materials ( not required for all procedural texts)
Steps ( the actions that must be taken)

For the example

‘’ How to make a sandwich ‘’

( aim/ goal)

You need ( materials)
2 slices of bread
Peanut butter
A banana
Honey

What you should do are ( steps) :
Take two slices of bread
Spread peanut butter
Cut up a banana onto small slices and put them on one of the slices
Pour some honey over the bananas
Put the other slice of bread on top

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Recount Text

The definition of Recount Text :

Recount text is a text that is used to retell event for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

The generic structures of Recount text are :
Orientation ( its gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved where it happened ,when it happened)
Events ( a series of events ordered in a chronological sequence )
Re-orentation ( restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident)

The significant lexicogrammatical features :
Uses of simple past tense
Uses of temporal conjuctions ( when ,after,before,next,later,then)
Uses of personal pronoun ( I and We )


For the example of Recount text :

“ A visit to a sheep property “

Last holiday.I visited a sheep property .I helped in the shearing sheds an the yards .On the first day the Merino wethers were crutched.I helped by sweeping up after the rouseabout picked up the wool pieces shearers start early ( at 7.30 a.m )

After lunch,we started shearing the lambs .There were more than 400 so we didn’t finish until the next day.Once again I was sweeping and picking up dags.I was tired by the end of the day in the shed but our work wasn’t finished.We all had to help to get the wethers and lambs back into the paddocks.

As well ,we had to get a mob of ewes and their lambs into the yard for shearing the next day.Then it was time for tea ( that’s what my nanna calls dinner ).This was a very long day but I enjoyed it a lot.

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